بهره‌گیری از کارکرد برنامه درسی پنهان به منظور رشد تفکر انتقادی دانشجویان در آموزش عالی

نویسندگان
چکیده
ابتدایی‌ترین اقدام برای بهبود کیفیت تفکر انتقادی دانشجویان،‌ بالا بردن انگیزه استفاده از فکر کردن به عنوان کلیدی‌ترین عامل کسب موفقیت در تحصیل و زندگی است؛ چرا که کسب مهارت‌های درگیر در تفکر انتقادی در جریان برنامه درسی رسمی، به تنهایی نمی‌تواند ضامن معتبری برای پرورش این مهارت‌ها و در نهایت، کاربست آن در موقعیت‌های مختلف باشد. بنابراین، یکی از مؤثرترین اقدامات در این راستا، بهبود جنبه‌های نگرشی تفکر انتقادی، توجه به کارکرد برنامه درسی پنهان در آموزش عالی است که می‌تواند با اهداف برنامه درسی رسمی همسو نباشد. از این رو، مقاله حاضر با استفاده از روش تحلیل اسنادی، ضمن تبیین جایگاه برنامه درسی پنهان در آموزش عالی و بررسی نسبت آن با تفکر انتقادی، به تشریح سازوکار تأثیرگذاری و کاربست‌های برنامه درسی پنهان آموزش عالی در جهت رشد تفکر انتقادی می‌پردازد. با توجه به کارکرد بیشتر برنامه درسی پنهان در آموزش عالی که به دلیل آزادی عمل برنامه درسی رسمی است، نسبت برنامه درسی پنهان با بعد نگرشی تفکر انتقادی و نیز توجه به برنامه درسی پنهان در تعلیم و تربیت آزاد در جهت ایجاد گرایش به تفکر انتقادی بحث شده است. در ادامه، برنامه درسی پنهان حاصل از روش تدریس دیالکتیکی به منظور رشد تفکر انتقادی فراگیران تشریح شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Benefiting from the Function of Hidden Curriculum in the Development of Critical Thinking among University Students

نویسندگان English

Mina Ahmadian
Mehdi Sobhaninezhad
چکیده English

The most fundamental move to enhance the quality of critical thinking in students is the improvement of motivation to think, as the key to success in life and study. This is because acquiring the skills involved in critical thinking, in the process of official curriculum, cannot guarantee the development of these skills, and consequently, their application in different situations. Therefore, one of the most useful steps with this regard is the enhancement of the attitudinal aspects of critical thinking, paying attention to the function of hidden curriculum in higher education-something which could be in the opposite direction to official curriculum. Thus, the present study, by benefiting from the method of documentary analysis, while clarifying the position of hidden curriculum in higher education and studying its relation to critical thinking, offers the analysis of the apparatus of effects and the use of hidden curriculum in the development of critical thinking. With this regard, it is discussed that the function of hidden curriculum in higher education is due to the fluctuation in the official curriculum-which by itself is due to: lack of a complete legislation of this program in higher education, relation between hidden curriculum and the dimension of critical thinking and attention paid to hidden curriculum in liberal education with an inclination towards critical thinking. In addition, the hidden curriculum, developed out of a dialectical methodology is studied to investigate the development of critical thinking of the learners.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Hidden Curriculum
Critical thinking
Students
Higher Education
Anderson,T.(2001).The hidden curriculum in distance education. http://www.findarticles .com

Barani, Gh., Azma, F., & Seyyedrezai, S. H. (2011). Quality indicators of hidden curriculum in centers of higher education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1657 – 1661.

Bergenhenegouwen, G. (1987). Hidden curriculum in the university. Higher Education, 5, 535-543.

Chee, S. Ch., & Kin, Ch. Ph. (2009). Teacher perceptions of critical thinking among students and its influence on higher education. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 2, 198-206.

Damla Kentli, F. (2009). Comparison of hidden curriculum theories, European Journal Studies, 1, 83-86.

Glicken, A., & Merenstein, B. (2007). Addressing the hidden curriculum: Understanding educator professionalism. Medical Teacher, 29, 54–57.

Gordon, D. (1981). The aesthetic attitude and the hidden curriculum. Aesthetic Education, 2, 51-63.

Gabbitas, B. W. (2009). Critical thinking and analyzing assumptions in instructional technology. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Brigham Young University for the degree of Master of Science.

Giroux, H. A. (1978). Developing educational programs: Overcoming the hidden curriculum. The Clearing House, 52, 148-151.

Horn Jr. R. A. (2003). Developing a Critical Awareness of the Hidden Curriculum through Media Literacy. The Clearing House, 6, 298-300.

Jerald,C.D.(2006).School culture:The hidden curriculum,The Center for Comprehensive School Reformand Improvement.http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED495013. 

Lewis, K. A. (1975). Putting the hidden curriculum of grading to work. English Journal, 3, 82-84.

Martinson, D. L. (2003). Hidden curriculum: Teaching political participation in the social studies classroom. The Clearing House, 76, 132-135.

Neutens, J. J. (2008). The hidden curriculum: What are you teaching? The Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics (APGO), www.apgo.org.

Ottewill, R., McKenzie, G., & Leah, J. (2005). Integration and the hidden curriculum in business education. Education & Training, 47, 89-97.

Sari, M., Doganay, A. (2009). Hidden curriculum on gaining the value of respect for human dignity: A qualitative study in two elementary schools in Adana. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 9, 925-940.

Thomson, I., & Bebbington, J. (2004). It doesn’t matter what you teach? Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 15, 609–628.

Villavicencio, F. T. (2011). Critical thinking, negative academic emotions, and achievement: A mediational analysis. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 20, 118-126.

Yüksel, S. (2006). The role of hidden curricula on the resistance behavior of undergraduate students in psychological counseling and guidance at a Turkish University. Asia Pacific Education Review, 7, 94-107.

Zabit, M. N. (2010). Problem-based learning on students' critical thinking skills in teaching business education in Malaysia: A literature review. American Journal of Business Education, 3, 19-32.