واکاوی چالش های آموزش مجازی در دوران همه گیری کووید-19 از دیدگاه والدین دانش آموزان: یک مطالعه پدیدارشناسانه

نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه فرهنگیان
2 دانشگاه پیام نور
چکیده
همه­ گیری کووید-19، مدارس و سایر مراکز آموزشی را با تعطیلی مواجه کرد و آموزش مجازی جایگزین آموزش حضوری شد. انتقال یک‌باره آموزش از مدرسه به خانه چالش­ های فراوانی را برای آموزش و یادگیری ایجاد کرد. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر باهدف واکاوی چالش ­های آموزش مجازی در دوران همه­ گیری کووید-19 از دیدگاه والدین دانش­آموزان دوره ابتدایی صورت گرفت. روش پژوهش کیفی و از نوع پدیدارشناسی بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش تمامی والدین دانش­ آموزان استان خراسان جنوبی در سال تحصیلی 01-1400 به تعداد 91874 نفر بودند که با روش نمونه­ گیری هدفمند از نوع گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند و با انجام مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با 51نفر از والدین دانش ­آموزان، داده ­های اخذشده به اشباع نظری رسید. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از راهبرد هفت مرحله‌ای کلایزی (۲۰۰۲) و نرم ­افزار MAXQDA11 استفاده شد. هم­چنین جهت اعتباریابی داده­ های پژوهش از ملاک­ های چهارگانه گوبا ولینکلن (1985) استفاده شد. نهایتاً 88 کدباز استخراج گردید که با تجزیه‌و‌تحلیل کدها، تجارب والدین دانش ­آموزان دوره ابتدایی در قالب چهار مضمون اصلی شامل چالش ­های ناظر به محیط و زیرساخت، دانش ­آموزان، والدین و معلمان دسته‌بندی شد. نتایج پژوهش ضمن تبیین ضرورت توجه به آموزش مجازی و چالش ­های اساسی آن، این مهم را متوجه متصدیان تعلیم و تربیت می­ کند تا در راستای رفع این چالش ­ها اهتمام ورزند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Examining the challenges of virtual education during the Covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of students' parents: A Phenomenological study

نویسندگان English

Fatemeh Mollahasani 1
Hamideh Jalili 1
Mohammad Ali Talebi 2
1 farhangian University
2 Payamnoor University
چکیده English

The Covid-19 pandemic closed schools and other educational centers, and virtual education replaced face-to-face education. The sudden transfer of education from school to home created many challenges for teaching and learning. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the challenges of virtual education during the covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of parents of elementary school students. The research method was qualitative and phenomenological. The statistical population of the research was all the parents of students in South Khorasan province in the academic year of 2021-2022, in the number of 91,874 people, and the data obtained by the purposeful snowball sampling method and by conducting semi-structured interviews with 51 of the parents of the students were saturated. They reached an opinion. To analyze the data, the seven-step strategy of Colizzi (2002) and MAXQDA11 software were used. To validate the research data, the four criteria of Guba and Lincoln (1985) were used. Finally, 88 open codes were extracted. By examining the interviews of the participants and analyzing the codes, the experiences of parents of elementary school students were categorized in the form of four main themes, including challenges related to the environment and infrastructure, students, parents and teachers. The results, while explaining the necessity of paying attention to virtual education and its basic challenges, make this important to education administrators to take fundamental steps in order to solve these challenges.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

virtual education
COVID-19
Challenges
parents
Phenomenology
Abdi, N., Gharibikanipan, F., Faraji, O., Zarezadeh, Y., & Ghaneie Gheshlagh, R. (2023). Elaborating on the opinion of medical and nursing students of the Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences: Challenges and opportunities of virtual learning in focus. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 23, 8-20. [Persian]
Abedini baltork, M. (2021). Virtual Teaching and Its Challenges in Corona Era from the Perspective of Mazandaran University Female Faculty Members: A Phenomenological Study. Educational researches, 8(42), 141-161. [Persian]
Abuhammad, S. (2020). Barriers to distance learning during the COVID-19 outbreak: A qualitative review from parents’ perspective. Heliyon, 6(11), e05482.‌
Agaton, C. B., & Cueto, L. J. (2021). Learning at Home: Parents' Lived Experiences on Distance Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(3), 901-911.‌
Ajam, A. A., Zabet, H., & Nesaei, M. (2022). Phenomenological study of virtual education challenges and evaluation in primary schools from the perspective of teachers and parents. Quarterly of Iranian Distance Education Journal, 4(2), 9-22. [Persian]
Alipour, M., Ghasemi, S. A., & Salarsadeghi, M. (2023). Virtual Teaching of Mathematics During the Covid- 19 Pandemic: Narratives of an Elementary Teacher’ Experences. Research in Elementary Education, 4(8), 52-68. [Persian]
Alipour, M., Ghasemi, SA., SalarSadeghi, M. (2023). Elementary school teachers' perception of educational and behavioral consequences of implementing evaluation in virtual space during the covid-19 pandemic: a phenomenological study. Rooyesh, 11(11), 205-218. [Persian]
Al-Smadi, A. M., Abugabah, A., & Al-Smadi, A. (2022). Evaluation of e-learning experience in the light of the COVID-19 in higher education. Procedia Computer Science, 201, 383-389.‌
Anarinejad, A., Khademi, N., Parsamanesh, N., & Khaki, Z. (2023). Analyzing the lived experiences of primary school teachers in Behbahān city from the challenges of educational evaluation of students in the era of Corona. Research in Teacher Education (RTE), 5(4), 115-89. [Persian]
Anwar, A., Mansoor, H., Faisal, D., & Khan, H. S. (2021). E-Learning amid the COVID-19 Lockdown: Standpoint of Medical and Dental Undergraduates. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 37(1), 217-222.
Arab mokhtari, F. (2023). Primary school teachers' lived experience of virtual education during the corona outbreak: A phenomenological study Fāteme Arab Mokhtāri. Research in Teacher Education (RTE), 5(4), 30-9. [Persian]
Araujo, F. J., Lima, L. S. A., Martins Cidade, P. I., Bezerra Nobre, C., & Neto, M. L. R. (2020). Impact of Sars-Cov-2 and Its Reverberation in global higher education and mental health. Psychiatry Research, 288, 1-2.
Ashouri nalkiashari, H. (2022). Education and Learning in Corona and Post-Corona Conditions: With Meta-Synthesis Approach. Educational and Scholastic studies, 11(3), 97-133. [Persian]
Ataei, M., Najafikersami, S., & Siamian, H. (2022). Changes and Challenges of Continuing Medical Education in the Covid-19: A Narrative Review. Clin Exc, 12(2), 29-38. [Persian]
Azizi, Z., & Hosein nejad, H. (2021). Opportunities and Threats of Virtual Learning in the Corona Pandemic Era: A Phenomenological Study. Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 12(46), 153-173. [Persian]
Badeleh, A., & Shamloo, N. (2023). Identifying the effective factors of improving the quality of virtual education based on the lived experiences of elementary school teachers in the education of the Corona era. Research in Curriculum Planning, 19(75), 26-40. [Persian]
Bahmani, S., bagheri, M., & Pirak, M. (2022). Analyzing the experiences of teachers and students about e-learning in Shad Network (Qualitative study with the data base method - a case study of educators and students in Lorestan province. Journal of Iranian Social Studies, 16(2), 3-27. [Persian]
Barkhoda, J., & Ezzatpour, S. (2022). Representing the narrative of school principals about the challenges of e-learning Corona pandemic period. MEO, 11(4), 13-47. [Persian]
Barkhoda, J., & Karami, P. (2022). Analysis of Parents' Lived Experiences of Teaching in Virtual Space (phenomenological study). Research in Teaching, 10(2), 276-244. [Persian]
Celik, B., Bilgin, R., & Yildiz, Y. (2022) The Views of Instructors in Foreign Language Teaching with Distance Education Model during the Covid 19 Pandemic Process: A Study at Tishk International University in Erbil, Iraq. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 9(1), 148-176.
DePhilip, R. M., & Quinn, M. M. (2022). Adaptation of an anatomy graduate course in ultrasound imaging from in-person to live, remote instruction during the Covid-19 pandemic. Anatomical sciences education, 15(3), 493-507.
Ebrahimi, M., Alishah, F., & zamanipour, F. (2021). Identify and analyze the opportunities and challenges of students' virtual education. New Educational Approaches, 16(2), 15-32. ]Persian [
Fakhri, F., Mohamadi, A., mousavi gargari, S. S., & Alavi, S. H. (2023). Development of Qualitative Model for Teaching Physical Education Unit During Corona Outbreak (The Case of Farhangian University). Educational and Scholastic studies, 11(4), 292-271. [Persian]
Fawaz, M., & Samaha, A. (2021). E-learning: Depression, anxiety, and stress symptomatology among Lebanese university students during COVID-19 quarantine. Nurs. Forum. 5, 52-57.
Ghasemi, S. A., & Kadkhoda, M. (2023). Analyzing the lived experiences of primary school teachers about the causes of students' academic failure in virtual education during the covid-19 pandemic. New Approach in Educational Sciences, 5(1), 59-70. [Persian]
Ghorbani Piralidehi, A., & Masoumi Fard, M. (2021). Analysis of virtual education challenges in exceptional schools of Guilan province from the perspective of teachers. Quarterly of Iranian Distance Education Journal, 3(1), 117-129. [Persian]
Haji, J., Mohammadi Mehr, M., & Muhammad azar, H. (2021). Describing the Problems of virtual Education via Shad application in Corona Pandemic: This is a phenomenological study. Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 11(3), 153-174. [Persian]
Hajizadeh, A., Azizi, G., & Keyhan, G. (2021). Analyzing the opportunities and challenges of e-learning in the Corona era: An approach to the development of e-learning in the post-Corona. Research in Teaching, 9(1), 204-174. [Persian]
Jafar, A., Dollah, R., Mittal, P., Idris, A., Kim, J. E., Abdullah, M. S., ... & Vun Hung, C. (2023). Readiness and Challenges of E-Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A Space Analysis in Peninsular Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 905-919.
Jafar, A., Dollah, R., Sakke, N. et al. (2022). Assessing the challenges of e-learning in Malaysia during the pandemic of Covid-19 using the geo-spatial approach. Sci Rep, 12, 17316.
Jalayeri laeen, S., Jafari suny, H., Ayati, M., jalayeeri laeen, G. (2021). Indigenous Teachers' Living Experiences of Education Challenges in Subcultural Areas during the COVID Crisis 19. Curriculum and Instruction Perspectives Journal, 1(3), 89-107. [Persian]
Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. (2011). Research method in educational sciences: quantitative, qualitative, mixed. Translated by Kambiz Pushneh, Ali Akbar Khosrobabadi and Moharram Aghazadeh. Tehran: Aizh. [Persian]
Kalateh Sadati, A., Amirianzadeh, M., & Hemmati, S. (2022). COVID Pandemic and Change in Education Style: The Lived Experience of Exceptional School Principals from Virtual Education During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Social Continuity and Change (JSCC), 1(2), 279-293. [Persian]
Karattuthodi, M. S., Thorakkattil, S. A., Chandrasekhar, D., Poonkuzhi, N. P., Ageeli, M. M. A., & Madathil, H. (2022). Pharmacy Student's challenges in virtual learning system during the second COVID 19 wave in southern India. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 5(1), 100241.‌
Khadem Hamzeii, E., Mortazavi, Z., Najafivosough, R., Haghgoo, HA., & Mortazavi, SS. (2023). The Post-traumatic stress disorder in COVID-19 Recovered Patients: A Cross-sectional Study. Jrehab, 24 (1), 28-41. [Persian]
Khojasteh, S. (2023). The Effectiveness of Virtual Education on Students' Procrastination and Concentration and Attention during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Technology of Education Journal (TEJ), 17(2), 329-342. [Persian]
Kolak, A., Markic, I., Horvat, Z., Klemencic, M., & Stojanac, M. (2021). When the Parent Becomes the Teacher--Attitudes on Distance Learning in the Time of" Corona-Teaching" from Parents' Perspective. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 20(1), 85-94.‌
Korres, M. P. (2023). Students' Views on the Benefits of E-Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Factors That Facilitated Their Learning. In Handbook of Research on Education Institutions, Skills, and Jobs in the Digital Era (pp. 96-116). IGI Global.‌
Lukas, B. A., & Yunus, M. M. (2021). ESL Teachers’ Challenges in Implementing E-learning during COVID-19. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 20(2), 330-348.‌
Maatuk, A.M., Elberkawi, E.K., Aljawarneh, S. et al. (2022) The COVID-19 pandemic and E-learning: challenges and opportunities from the perspective of students and instructors. J Comput High Educ, 34, 21-38.
Mashayekh, P., & Naseri, S. (2023). marginalized students in virtual education (case study of Shiraz city). Journal of Educational Planning Studies, 11(22), 153-167. [Persian]
Mohammadi, M., Keshavarzi, F., Naseri Jahromi, R., Naseri Jahromi, R., Hesampoor, Z., Mirghafari F et al. (2020). Analyzing the Parents' Experiences of First course Elementary School Students from the Challenges of Virtual Education with Social Networks in the Time of Coronavirus Outbreak. Educational researches, 7(40), 74-101. [Persian]
Mohammadpour, A. (2010). Quality assessment in qualitative research: principles and strategies of validation and generalizability. Social Sciences Quarterly, 17(48), 107-73. [Persian]
Molahosini, F., & Jouhari, Z. (2023). Survey of medical and dental students' attitudes toward virtual education during Covid-19 epidemic in 2021. Daneshvar Medicine, 30(5), 16-26. [Persian]
Moore, M.G., & Diehl, W.C. (2019). Handbook of Distance Education, 4th ed. New York: Routledge.
Mosayebi, M., Rezapour Mirsaleh, Y., & Behjati, F. (2021). The problems and challenges of virtual education in elementary school during the outbreak of coronavirus. Quarterly Journal of Education Studies, 7(27), 87-108. [Persian]
Mu, E., Florek-Paszkowska, A., & Pereyra-Rojas, M. (2022). Development of a Framework to Assess Challenges to Virtual Education in an Emergency Remote Teaching Environment: A Developing Country Student Perspective—The Case of Peru. Education Sciences, 12(10), 704-‌738.
Mukhtar, K., Javed, K., Arooj, M., Sethi A. (2020). Advantages, limitations and recommendations for online learning during COVID-19 pandemic era. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 36 (COVID19-S4), S27-S31.
Muthuprasad, T., Aiswarya, S., Aditya, KS., Jha, GK. (2021). Students’ perception and preference for online education in India during COVID-19 pandemic. Soc. Sci. Humanit, 3, 100101.
Nabipoor, S., & Baratali, M. (2022). Emerging Challenges of Education and Teaching in Corona from the Perspective of Teachers and Primary School Principals. Journal of Research in Educational Science, 15(55), 187-202. [Persian]
Nazari, M., Sajadi, F. A., & Sajadi, H. S. (2021). Assessment of the student’s satisfaction of the provided E-learning by Isfahan University’s Learning Management System (LMS) during COVID-19. Higher Education Letter, 14(56), 76-98. [Persian]
Niazi, M., & Sanatkar, E. (2022). Identify the opportunities and challenges of virtual school education In the Corona: A qualitative study based on a meta-hybrid model. Quarterly Journal of Education Studies, 8(31), 78-102. [Persian]
Nuuyoma, V., Lauliso, S. S., & Chihururu, L. (2023). Perspectives of nursing students on challenges of e-learning during early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. curationis, 46(1), 2358-2367.
Ostovar, S. (2022). The Effectiveness of Covid-19 Disease Prevention Training on Corona Disease Anxiety in Students. Psychological Methods and Models, 13(49), 109-121. ]Persian[
Parvari, P. (2019). The transition from philosophy to methodology,a new reading of the phenomenology method:the foundation of philosophical approaches and implementation steps. Sociological studies, 12(44), 87-106. [Persian]
Pouratashi, M., & Zamani, A. (2021). Analysis of International Students' Issues and Expectations of Iranian Higher Education in the Corona Crisis. Higher Education Letter, 14(54), 25-42. [Persian]
Rafi, A. M., Varghese, P. R., & Kuttichira, P. (2020). The Pedagogical Shift During COVID 19 Pandemic: Online Medical Education, Barriers and Perceptions in Central Kerala. Journal of medical education and curricular development, 7, 2382120520951795.
Rahimi, A., Ahmadi, H., & Rostami, E. (2022). A Phenomenological Approach to The Lived Experiences of Elementary Teachers in Virtual Education Students in Corona (COVID-19). Research in Teaching, 10(1), 162-131. [Persian]
Rahimi, Z., & Nazari Moghaddam, Z. (2022). Narratives of elementary school teachers about the challenges of mathematics lesson evaluation in virtual education. Technology of Instruction and Learning, 5(15), 9-25. [Persian]
Rezaei, A. (2020). Student learning evaluation during the Corona: Challenges and Strategies. Educational Psychology, 16(55), 179-214. [Persian]
Rezaei, S., malakian, F., ghasemi, A., & mohammadi, S. (2022). Lived experiences teachers, of online evaluation in the e-learning system of Iran Azad University during the Covid 19 epidemic: Challenges and solutions. Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 13(1), 71-92. [Persian]
Salimi, S., & Fardin, MA. (2020). The Role of Corona Virus in Virtual Education, with an Emphasis on Opportunities and Challenges. Research in School and Virtual Learning, 8(2), 49-60. [Persian]
Sanatkar, E., Niazi, M., & Farhadian, A. (2022). Identifying the system of virtual school education issues in the Corona era with a hybrid approach. Strategic Studies of Culture, 2(2), 29-56. [Persian]
Shafai, M., & Aliyari, N. (2023). Studying Drama aspects of Motenabbi poems. Arabic Language and Literature Education, 4(2), 23-37. [Persian]
Shagiakhmetova, M. N., Bystritskaya, E. V., Demir, S., Stepanov, R. A., Grishnova, E. E., & Kryukova, N. I. (2022). Primary teachers’ difficulties related to compulsory distance education during COVID-19. Contemporary Educational Technology, 14(2), ep357.‌
Shomaliahmadabadi, M., & barkhordariahmadabadi, A. (2022). Analysis of cheating among school and college students in virtual exams. Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 12(48), 79-92. [Persian]
Stites, M. L., Sonneschein, S., & Galczyk, S. H. (2021). Preschool parents’ views of distance learning during COVID-19. Early Education and Development, 32(7), 923-939.
Tehrani, H., Afzal Aghaii, M., Salehian, M., Taghipuor, A., Latifnezhad, R., & Karimi, F (2022). Explaining the perception and experience of faculty members of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences of virtual education during the covid-19 epidemic. Sebzevar uni of medical sci., 10 (1), 48-63. [Persian]
Torabian, N., & Zahmatkesh, R. (2022). Investigating the challenges of the teaching-learning process of students in a virtual way in visually impaired students from the perspective of parents in the Corona ecosystem. Studies in psychology and educational sciences (Nagareh Institute of Higher Education), 39, 1-12. [Persian]
Tzenios, N., Chahine, M., & Tazanios, M. (2023). Better Strategies for Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccination. Special Journal of the Medical Academy and Other Life Sciences, 1(2), 1-8.
Viner, R. M., Russell, S. J., Croker, H., Packer, J., Ward, J., Stansfield, C., Mytton, O., Bonell, C., Booy, R. (2020). School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID19: a rapid systematic review. The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, 4(5), 397-404.
World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID -19) advice for the public. Retrieved from. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus2019/adviceforpublic.
Yeo, SC., Lai, CK., Tan, J., Gooley, JJ. (2021). A targeted e-learning approach for keeping universities open during the COVID-19 pandemic while reducing student physical interactions. PLoS ONE, 16, e0249839.
Yulia, H. (2022). Online Learning to Prevent the Spread of Pandemic Corona Virus in Indonesia. English Teaching Journal, 11(1), 48-56.
Zangrillo, A., Beretta, L., Silvani, P., Colombo, S., Scandroglio, A. M., Dell’Acqua, A., Fominskiy, E., Landoni, G., Monti, G., Azzolini, M. L., Monaco, F., Oriani, A., Belletti, A., Sartorelli, M., Pallanch, O., Saleh, O., Sartini, C., Nardelli, P., Lombardi, G., Morselli, F., … Tresoldi, M. (2020). Fast reshaping of intensive care unit facilities in a large metropolitan hospital in Milan, Italy: facing the COVID-19 pandemic emergency. Critical care and resuscitation. journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine, 22(2), 91-94.
Zhu, Y., Zhang, J.H., Au, W., & Yates, G. (2020). University students’ online learning attitudes and continuous intention to undertake online courses: A self-regulated learning perspective. Educ. Technol. Res. Dev, 68, 1485-1519.
Zofan, S. (2015). Application of new technologies in education. Tehran: Samt. [Persian]