The Effectiveness of Teaching Daring Behavioral Skills Training on Critical Thinking and Happiness in Secondary Secondary School Students in Bushehr

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching courage behavior skills on critical thinking and happiness among high school students in Bushehr. The research method is a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population of this study was 8238 secondary school students in Bushehr. 40 students were selected through multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected by Fachion Critical Thinking Questionnaire (1990), Arheyl Happiness (2002), and Zarei Daraborat (2006). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and statistical methods of variance analysis (Ancova) and multivariate analysis (Manncova). The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of at least one of the variables of the skill of daring behavior, critical thinking and happiness. In other words, it can be said that training the skill of arrogant behavior on critical thinking and knowledge happiness The students have a meaningful effect. There was no significant difference between the subjects in terms of critical thinking and happiness in the experimental and control group. The overall result of the research showed that promoting the skill of treason behavior can greatly help to increase the level of critical thinking and happiness of students.



Keywords

Ay, F. A., Karakaya, A., & Yilmaz, K. (2015). Relations between self-leadership and critical thinking skills. Procedia-social and Behavioral sciences, 207, 29-41.
Averkieva, L., Chayka, Y., & Glushkov, S. (2015). Web quest as a Tool for Increasing Students Motivation and critical thinking Development. Procedia – social and Behavioral sciences, 206: 137- 140.
Cohn, M. A., Fredrickson, B. L., Brown, S. L., Mikels, J. A., & Conway, A. M. (2009). Happiness unpacked: positive emotions increase life satisfaction by building resilience. Emotion, 9(3), 361.
Gul, R., Cassum, S., Ahmad, A., Khan, S., Saeed, T., & Parpio, Y. (2010). Enhancement of critical thinking in curriculum design and delivery: A randomized controlled trial for educators. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 3219-3225.
Oing, Z. H., Jinga, G., & Yan, W. (2010). Promoting preserves teachers, critical thinking’s skills by in querybased chemical experiment. Precede-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 4597-4603.
Popil, I. (2010). Promotion of critical thinking by using case studies as teaching method, Nurse Education Today, 31(2), 204-207.
Stewart, M. E., Watson, R., Clark, A., Ebmeier, K. P., & Deary, I. J. (2010). A hierarchy of happiness? Mokken scaling analysis of the Oxford Happiness Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(7), 845-848.
Sriarunrasmee, J., Suwannatthachote, P., & Dachakupt, P. (2015). Virtual field trips with inquiry learning and critical thinking process: a learning model to enhance students’ science learning outcomes. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197(25), 1721-1726.
Wilgis, M., & McConnell, J. (2008). Concept mapping: An educational strategy to improve graduate nurses’ critical thinking skills during a hospital orientation program. The journal of continuing education in Nursing, 39(3), 119-126.